A Brief History of American Reactors

1942

America builds the world’s first nuclear reactor that achieves criticality. Chicago Pile 1.

1951

The Experimental Breeder Reactor 1 generates nuclear electricity for the first time ever, powering four light bulbs.

1960s-1970s

Over 100GW of nuclear power generation capacity gets built in the US, primarily Pressurized or Boiling Water Reactor Designs.

1979

Loss of Coolant Accident occurs at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station. It has no detectable health effects but massively changes public perception of nuclear energy.

1980-2025

American Nuclear Reactor Dark Age. Over the next 45 years only 2 new reactors are built and begin operating.

May 23, 2025

Executive Order 14301 establishes new testing pathway for reactors within the DOE.

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We are now entering the American Nuclear Renaissance.

Workers rig a reactor vessel for lifting in front of an American flag

To date, 5 reactors have now achieved criticality, with one delivering electricity.

The Ward facility in the Utah desert
A reactor core being assembled
A microreactor vessel in its test cell
A test reactor vessel with its core exposed
An isotope test reactor facility

Explore the history of reactor development in the United States

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Completed and operated commercially
Completed but never commercial hollow end
Started, never finished dashed, ✕
Being built now dotted = projected
Designed only, nothing built faint dots, hollow
Achieved criticality red ring

Our nation’s reactors, mapped

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